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Kantian Leaps of Faith
After Immanuel Kant wrote his Critique of Pure Reason, his philosophy was assailed by critics that said Kant’s arguments amounted to nothing more than idealism as advanced by Bishop Berkeley in his writings. Kant was distressed by these claims and in the second addition of his work, he added much more argumentation to give his philosophy more weight. One entire section of the second edition of his Critique of Pure Reason dealt specifically with the charge that Kant was an idealist. This section,
Socratic Justice
In the writings of Plato, one is introduced to the philosophic teachings of Socrates. Socrates is famous not for what he knew, but precisely for what he claimed he did not know. There are many dialogues with Socrates and his fellow Athenian citizens and in the vast majority of them, Socrates maintains a position of ignorance when speaking with others about certain ideas. Socrates’ scheme of argument is one in which he raises questions about the positions that the others may hold to be true. Duri
The Gettier Problem
Edmund Gettier wrote an argument against the idea that justified true belief constitutes knowledge. Gettier’s argument defines knowledge using the form:
(a) S knows that P if and only if (i) P is true, (ii) S believes that P, and (iii) S is justified in believing that P. Gettier then claims that this definition of knowledge is not sufficient. Gettier argues that it is possible for a person to be justified in believing a proposition which is in fact false, thus undercutting the ability of that pe
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