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Ring Determinism Solves Problems of Materialism
By: Ravil Kalmykov

As soon as the speech in the philosophical debate starts to touch diverse aspects of the autonomous life of separate natural formations, the behaviour of living organisms, a man, his psychics and consciousness, the materialism simply cannot sustain carefully argued talk as these things have no any the fixed basic ontological status in its framework. Practically from the very beginning of the existence of materialism it was charged (and quite is reasonable!) with objectivism. Recognizing an objective reality of the surrounding world, materialists erected the given circumstance as the main and the unique principle and automatically belittled the value of activity of the subject living in a material surrounding. Therefore all life and struggle of the individual, who was trying to subordinate these surroundings to his interests, simultaneously, attempting to adapt for it and learn its properties, left overbroad their research. Thus, the individual with his activity was either skipped, or was overthrown up to a role of the secondary, insignificant factor. Surprising, that the philosophers tolerated materialists for it until now!

In the ontology of materialism the principle of the general purpose interaction steered a dancing party, and it implied the material unity of the world as the basic statement. The recognition of existence of the local natural activity in such conditions should have implied either the refusal of the indicated unity, or its certain cleavage. The refusal was impossible, because it would be estimated as surrender of the positions. And as to the cleavage of the positions, the principle of it was rather vague, that is why the materialism had to reject it absolutely. In addition it was necessary to give up the recognition of existence of a local autonomy and local activity. As a result in any talks about subjective aspects, the materialists assimilated to churchmen, and as the latter were mumbling - « on all – will of God », the first had to repeat constantly « all in the world is the result of the united causative interrelation ».

Despite of the powerful methodological support from the part of natural and technical sciences, materialism has appeared on a road shoulder of the motion of philosophical ideas.

Monism and determinism have composed the methodological basis of materialism for a long time, however by virtue of stagnation in their development they became a real hinder for materialism. Well-known materialists perceived it for certain, and attempted in various times to introduce different "improvements" to the doctrine. So, in a counterweight to the charges with objectivism, the idea of a subjective source of "secondary qualities" of John Locke, the anthropology of L. Feuerbach, the concept of "practice" and « learning consciousness » in dialectical materialism and the modern concepts of emergentist materialism have appeared. However all these attempts of reforms practically only made the pill a bit sweeter, not removing the main problem.

So, all the mentioned "improvements" had no supports in the ontology assigning the systemic basis for any philosophy, therefore they should be referred to category of off-system cosmetic measures. And one more generalization: remodelling every time started from the private sciences or special sections of philosophy and as a result rested on an obsolete ontology which did not give them a chance to develop and nipped them in the bud. From here comes a transparent conclusion about the necessity to start a reform of materialism from ontology.

Today it is clear for everybody that the principle of the general purpose interaction, taken one in a naked kind, does not uncover the deep essence of the majority of situations researched by philosophy. Evidently, before any two material formations will start to interact, they are required to become apparent themselves in the capacity of separate natural entities. Thus, in a balance weight and in addition to a principle of interaction necessarily there should be introduced another principle revealing a nature of "individuality", "isolation", and a local (private) natural autonomy. The autonomy at the same time can have a different nature: spatial, material-field, structural, energy-power, the functional, information. As in the materialism all should happen under the supervisory control of the determinism it is possible to assume safely, that in the basis of all these versions there should always be a local causative autonomy.

The Saving Idea

As an illustration we shall consider the widespread situation when two common people, who participated in the life of the surrounding society and in a network of public interactions for some definite time, suddenly in some moment purely, fall out of this bosom, turning into a love couple. They cease paying attention to the encirclement and are engaged almost exclusively the friend in the friend.

What thus has happened in the principled philosophical plan? The society and the nature have lost two active citizens, have lost two receivers and two sources of causative influences. Causative catastrophe? No! The determinism and the conservation law teach that any causative action should not disappear completely. So that’s it! The structure of causal connections was only changed. Now the large part of causal connections of this couple is aimed not outside, but face to face (see figure 1). Here it is visually observable, that two generalized lines of the causative action together derivate a closed causative circuit.

Figure 1.
Causal connections of in love pair.



Our essentially significant conclusion will be, that we owe the appearance of a separate material formation – the in love pair - to originating of this circuit! This pair starts to declare itself as a certain unified autonomous body, as the new natural factor showing autonomy in all the listed above attitudes.
Certainly, external causal connections of each of in love are not torn completely. However the scale of internally oriented communications in comparison with a scale outwardly oriented is much greater for a conservation of a wholeness of the couple.

Similar situations occur in the broadest aspect of natural phenomenon. For example, when two atoms of oxygen by means of chemical linkage are bridged in one molecule, when the electron and a proton by means of electrical connections are integrated in atom of hydrogen, when the Earth and moon by means of mass attraction derivate a space tandem, etc. In all these cases in the basis of individuality, unity and a wholeness of an alliance lays the closed causative circuit.

The consideration of a pair of connecting material foundations is just the simplest example. In the substantial world there are much more events when the variety of heterogeneous elements are connected in a unit by means of diversity of connections. It is also possible to name as an example a human body or a state.

In the second half of the 20-th century appeared a special science – synergetics – researching general regularities of the similar systems, which form on the basis of the great number of separate elements by means of a special internal functional coherence.

The functional coherence is interesting. However there is no smoke without fire. As materialists and determinists, we are obliged in the basis of any functionality to find out and accentuate a concrete causative actual situation. And so we state, that such principled causative actual situation in the case of the complicated systems as well as in the case of two bodies mentioned above, is the presence in entrails of its nature of the new special factor. For originating of this factor the closed circuit of causal connections bears the considerable responsibility. This factor collects and integrates and sticks together in the unified systemic all the previously anarchically separated elements. It is this factor, as we think, which is the visiting card of all separately existing things in our world, all diverse systemic foundations and alliances. It is responsible for a principle of individuality. Therefore the doctrine about the determinism should be immediately enlarged by including a special determinism of a closed circuit.

The structure of different composite systems can be rather diverse. The internal closed causative circuit can take the tangled forms. If we put aside from the concrete configurations, and concentrate our attention on the property of insularity, it would be possible for the sake of simplicity to consider this form as a ring circuit. Thus, as characteristic property of all separate material foundations we shall consider the presence of an internal causative ring. And the version of determinism in charge of this property we shall call ring determinism.

The previous rectilinear determinism together with the new ring determinism, embodying action of principles of isolation and interaction, now can form the quite good base for a massive attack of materialism on all the width of philosophical front. Some ranges of the application of philosophy where the idea of ring determinism ensures true outbreak will be mentioned below.

Useful Ontological Acquisitions

So, first of all, the principle of autonomy of separate bodies and other material foundations receives an ontological reinforcement. Till now the materialists - substantialists only have been compelled to recognize the fact of presence of separate independent bodies in the nature and regarded it as a certain inevitable evil, as they could not explain its nature.

They only attempted to retouch the real private autonomy in the nature, uniting all separate subjects by means of a principle of interrelation in the unified substantial whole.

The principle of universal interrelation, chosen as a unique backbone, generated a model of the world, suffering from the defect of causative "totalitarianism". Any local segment of the world in such model became rigidly connected by direct causative filaments to other segments in the unified continuous whole. Thus it had no the slightest right for any freedom, for any self-determination and self-motion. It was not clear, how in such world any motion, a relative displacement of segments or parts can generally begin. In order to move only one segment, it would be necessary to make efforts to the entire World, because of the reach-through permeatedness and connectedness of the latter with the rectilinear determinism.

Now the materialism receives a strict ontological base under the interpretation of autonomous existence and motion of separate material foundations. Certainly, the speech here is not about a full autonomy: along with an internal causative ring any separate natural foundation always has the some at least non-significant external causal connections. Thus, it is necessary to speak strictly only about a relative autonomy. When in the structure of causal connections the internal causative source prevails, there must be a reason to speak about "egoism", "egocentricity" and "voluntarism". When, on the contrary, the internal source is suppressed by external influences, there must be a necessity to speak about "conformism".

Speaking further, the former materialism had serious difficulty in the explanation of the so called « phenomenon of originating of systemic properties ». When the system, formed from the known components with a certain set of properties, suddenly began to demonstrate absolutely new properties, not having been introduced before, naturally appeared a problem on their origin and the natural grounding. Today we can declare that the presence of an internal causal ring is the causal basis of any system. System as a special natural factor is obliged by own existence to a causative ring. The causative close circuit integrates, sticks together separate elements in the unified systemic whole. In a special case when a composite system with one managing centre occurs, there are groundings to speak about a complex of rings that locked themselves in this centre. So the materialists - emergentists should jump with joy now: source of their «emergency» is detected.

In mechanics the autonomy of bodies in dynamic aspect is characterized by the presence of a special factor – inertia, which was investigated by I. Newton. Inertia represents a special kind of resistance (antidynamism) of a body, internal ability to retain the current condition, to resist to the external driving origin. A measure of such resistance is the inertial mass. The more the mass, the greater the external effort that must be applied in order to cause a required speedup. Presence of inertia as version of a dynamic autonomy exactly indicates the presence in a nature of separate bodies of a closed causative circuit. By analogy to this it is possible to assume, that any other found kind of a dynamic autonomy will testify the presence of the closed causal contours latent in bowels of bodies and stem-forming for other natural factors.

The Dynamic Stability

In the same mechanics research of the balanced solid (gyro) interesting property it was noticed that the axis of its rotation tries to hold the direction in the space and demonstrates a special kind of dynamic stability. As a measure of the stability of rotary movement of the gyro is used as a special value – a moment of inertia. This property of the gyro was used for a long time in navigation devices, ballistic calculations of motion of rotated ammunition gears, motion studies of heavenly bodies and microparticles, calculations of engines and turbines by manufacturing of seagoing boats and flight vehicles. Even children for a long time investigate this property, whipping tops. Perhaps, only the philosophers - materialists till now skip the given phenomenon. And meanwhile, it quite transparently testifies to existence the special factor, responsible for its development, originating in conditions of a specific self-contained causative circuit.

The specific feature of the given kind of a self-contained causative circuit is the fact of continuous dynamic circulation along it the certain determinative source (in this case – mechanic circular conveyance of a solid matter and mass). In connection with this, it is possible to call such kind of circuits as dynamic. It differs from the common static circuits by the involvement of elements of natural system into internal stable motion and ability to involve the surrounding objects into this motion.

Another example of the natural factor originating due to a dynamic causative ring is the magnetic field. It is determined by an electric current, which flows along a close circuit, for example, in a solenoid coil. It is quite real, and it is measured by devices and has the vector which direction is determined in physics by the "Ampere's rule". The magnetic field plays a role of the factor, which in charge of resistance, inertia of the process of electron motion, movement of an electric current in a conductor. This property is used in the electrical engineering and radio electronics in inductors.

Dynamic causative rings also find themselves in widespread cases of vortex motions in continuums: gases and liquids. In the body of a vortex there are no new elements as contrasted to the environment, however the vortex resolutely declares itself as quite independent natural factor in spatial, dynamic and the energy-power attitude. It is capable to introduce essential singularity in a condition of this medium. Close to the ring, spiral motion of particles of a vortex brings about the foundation of a new natural factor, and this elementary example can become, according to our opinion, a sample of presentation of the whole class of the natural factors having the property of self-preservation, self-regulation and even self-organization.

As contrasted to static causative rings which "stick together" separate subjects of a nonliving nature, dynamic causative rings of a different nature are capable to generate much more surprising things. The vortex is a primitive example of the factor that is capable of a self-preservation, self-motion and self-regulation. It demonstrates quite definite dynamic activity, can introduce original transformations to an environment. More composite owners of dynamic causative rings can demonstrate, accordingly, more refined versions of activity.

Systems of wildlife, organisms have enough composite complexes of dynamic causative rings in their basis. The availability of these complexes is the forming, transforming and driving source of all life. In particular, it is necessary to recognize quite apparent and visual fact of a ring closure of causative circuits in morphologies and physiologies of separate systems and cells of a living organism. In case of taking on arms the principle of ring determinism (or, maybe, a more appropriate title, recirculating or vortical determinism), the materialists will lose their chance to quarrel with vitalists. With all gravity now it is possible to accept a synergetics, which basis - the functional coherence - receives causative argument. When studying a living organism now it is possible to use on the full causative grounding the principle of an autonomy, independence of an organism from an environment, contraposition by an organism own internal problems to external influences. There is no more reason for kicking furiously Aristotelian entelecheia and all immanent teleology. Egoism, egocentricity, aggression now receive substantial ontological base. Now it is necessary to consider, as the first cause of these developments not intrigues of a devil and not bad education, but an immanent causative vital-vortex. There is a reason for shaking hands with voluntarists. It becomes clear, on what ontological platform the compositions of different subjectivists are based.

Many problems, touched here, require a special detailed research. Partially such researches and some other totals of use of concept of ring determinism in philosophy have been stated by the author in the Russian language in the Russian press and in the Russian philosophical Internet - magazine [6]. In the near future the author intends to place the explaining materials on this problem in English-speaking forums.

REFERENCES
(All in Russian)

[1] Калмыков Р.Б.: 1994, Между субъективизмом и объективизмом: в поисках «золотой середины», С.277-283, Философские исследования, №2, Москва.
[2] Калмыков Р.Б.: 1995, Анатомия свободы, Ивановский государственный университет, Иваново.
[3] Калмыков Р.Б.: 2001, К проблеме активизации образного начала в философском мышлении, С.48-58, Вестник научно-промышленного общества, Выпуск 2, изд-во АЛЕВ-В, Москва.
[4] Калмыков Р.Б.: 2002, Принципиальная роль исходного специфического личностного поля человека в формировании феноменов переживаемого им мира, С.63-72, Вестник научно-промышленного общества, Выпуск 3, изд-во АЛЕВ-В, Москва.
[5] Калмыков Р.Б.: 2002, О содержании человеческого переживания, С.100-128, Вестник научно-промышленного общества, Выпуск 4, изд-во АЛЕВ-В, Москва.
[6] Калмыков Р.Б.: 2001, Философское знание: время собирать камни. http://piramyd.express.ru/disput/kalmykov/kalmykov.htm

Article Source: http://journal.ilovephilosophy.com

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